In this chapter, I will present a few useful “cookbook” applications for real-time control circuits designed to perform some specific low-level task and interface with a master controller for ...

A key subsystem in a programmable logic controller is the analog input module, which provides a high-precision front end to measure a wide variety of sensors. In many cases, however, the amplifier ...

A subject rarely found in circuit design textbooks is the matter of nonlinear junction capacitance, especially reverse-bias junction capacitance, also called depletion capacitance. When it is ...

Ladder logic uses switch or relay contacts to implement Boolean expressions. In years past, ladder logic was made possible with discrete relays and was sometimes termed “relay logic.” Today most ...